Interview with Liz Suburbia of CYANIDE MILKSHAKE

Interview with Liz Suburbia of CYANIDE MILKSHAKE I have the opportunity to chat with Liz Suburbia, artist and writer of Sacred Heart. In 2016, she received the Alex Award for the work; the Young Adult Library Services Association listed it as a top 10 Graphic Novel for Teens by the Young Adult Library Services Association. Her zine Cyanide Milkshake was just been published by woman-owned publishing company Gimme Action in November.  The collection is aptly titled Thee Collected Cyanide Milkshake. Gimme Action describes it as:  All seven issues of Liz Suburbia’s mini-comic masterpiece are now collected in one essential volume! 176 pages of hilarious and angst-ridden comics: horny dystopian fantasies commingle with autobiographical vignettes. I talked with Liz Suburbia about the Cyanide Milkshake and the power of zines and punk. Elisa Shoenberger: Whats the power of zines? Liz Suburbia: Id been exposed to for the first time in high school, but not until my senior year of high school. My family was in the military so we moved around a lot and I was still very much a new kid. [My friend Matts older brother, Kevin] was making one regularly at that time and Kevin would contribute some of their own little comics to it. They gave me a copy around Christmas, senior year of high school. That was the first time Id ever heard of the concept of a zine or seen one. Matt who is making this zine called Aftermath continued to make a couple more issues. We went to the same college and he taught me how to do it. Once I was exposed to the idea, it seems like the easiest and most natural thing in the world. It was that or playing music but I didnt have any musical ability. I like tried to play guitar and never got good at it. But I could draw and I was always drawing for myself and I kind of screwed around with a webcomic for a little while at first, like really embarrassing one when I was in high school. But the zine thing was a lot more fun. It was something about the material nature of it where you could finish something and hold it in your hand and give it to your friends. Somehow I thought that was more satisfying than just putting stuff online and assuming my friends were looking at it just because I sent them the link on Aol Messenger. Shoenberger: Could you talk about the creative process and what is punk? You talk about your frustration with people who say That stuff is in my past. Could you speak to those ideas? Liz Suburbia: Its definitely something I believe 100 percent. I feel like I got kind of repetitive talking about it in the little Cyanide Milkshake essays, but making the zine always kind of put me in the mindset where that was the biggest thing that was on my mind. Its still something I think about all the time. I just turned 34 last week, but Im still pretty attached to the whole things like DIY and radical politics and having a weird haircut and all that kind of stuff that comes under the umbrella being into punk. At the end of the day, I still stand by what I was writing in the comic. I feel like the women that I know have really led the way on, sticking to that more than anybody else. They say youre going to get more conservative as you get older. But I know so many cool women in punk and comics and the DIY scene who are just getting more radical and more creative and even more of all of that great stuff the older they get and thats how I want to be. Shoenberger: There were some recurring storylines in Cyanide Milkshake. You have the story of the dogs who are kind of living a life of crime at times. Then the series you call the GBA with an on and off again couple negotiating a relationship during a Zombie apocalypse. There were other stories that felt more like one shots. Could you talk about these storylines? Suburbia: The whole project started out kind of self indulgent where Im just going to write all my stupidest jokes and put them in one place and gave it to my friends. By the second or third issue, I realized that I should use this to challenge myself and branch out and think of new things or new ways to tell jokes or new things that could be considered a comic, like flash cards, pinup posters or activity sheets, classified ads, stuff like that. With the dogs, those are my dogs. I like drawing them and drawing their little adventures because thats what dogs moms like to do. For the other one, its also just an excuse to do a horny relationship comics without having to expand too much on it.  I got kind of attached to them the longer the story went on and wanted to see it through. I think Im still going to use those characters in other comics projects and use that kind of world that theyre in. Thats another thing that the zine was good for. It was just starting with little ideas and branching off from them and using it as a testing ground for them to grow. Theres stuff from my graphic novel, Sacred Heart, that wasnt in the first draft of it because I did an online draft of the book. Then it was picked up by a publisher and I redrew through the whole thing from scratch. But there were a little side stories involving the same characters that I put in Cyanide Milkshake that eventually I redid it and ended up putting in the main book. I looked back on the ones I did for Cyanide Milkshake and they still like them. Shoenberger: Do you see zines being like a incubator? Suburbia: I think they definitely can be. At least for me, the stakes were so low. I know theres a lot of people who work really hard to make their zines an art object, make use really nice paper and really nice covers and really put a lot of thoughts into things like layout and aesthetics and thats something that I super admire. At the same time I am totally incapable of doing myself, you know. I think zines can be both: a way to experiment with an art form for some people and for other people like me, just a really low stakes slapdash way to just put something out there real quick before you overthink it and you get kind of a sense of accomplishment. And if youre like me and youre kind of shy, its a great way to connect with other people without kind of stewing in your anxiety all night. Its definitely helped me make friends. Shoenberger: What do you want people to know about Cyanide Milkshake? Suburbia: I want people to feel like they can make it too. I say this a lot in Cyanide Milkshake itself: if you pick up an issue and you like it, and you think you might want to try it but you’re worried that you wont be good at it, dont worry about it.  I think everybody should try making a zine or a comic at least once just to see what its like. Even if you dont consider yourself an artist or a cartoonist or a zine maker, its a process thatll teach you something about yourself, in a way that can help you move through the world. I think its a good practice to try at least once. Check out Cyanide Milkshake   and check out Liz Suburbia’s other work here. See what other Rioters have said about Suburbias work here.

Research That Influenced me Most Admission Essay

Roots of Democracy Whether we consider research, art or study, we will see that in any type of intellectual human activities there are two possible impulses: a voluntary desire to reach the result, which is generally independent of any influence, and an order, which can be either paid for or simply imposed upon an individual involved in the activity. The latter type is often thought to be more important, as it provides not only the opportunity for the activity to be organized, but also for the intellectuals to earn their living. Personally I disagree with this opinion and believe that voluntary and independent research, study or any other creative activity are much more important and efficient. To start with, unlike paid research, voluntary activities tend to be more objective. They are independent from financial influence of the ordering party and, thus, can interpret the acquired data freely without being afraid of whether the ordering party likes it or not. Moreover, voluntary activities provide intellectuals with more freedom, as they are not limited by any deadlines. This can give them a possibility to plan their own schedule. Besides, voluntary activities can result in the invention of absolutely innovative technologies because the ideas and imagination of an artist or a researcher are not restricted by the official trends. So, taking all the above mentioned into account, one may say that voluntary research, studies or creative activities are the roots of democracy, as they result in the creation of something truly original and independent from the influence of the funding sources, such as governments or big multinationals and are characterized by the novelty of thought.

My Life As A Child - 867 Words

My family was never the one that went to church every Sunday, or prayed before meals, or prayed together at all. In fact, we still don’t do those things. However, what has changed from then is that we are all spiritually connected with God to a greater extent because of each of us developed our own faith over time. Growing up, my Mom taught us who God was and the tremendous amount of love he has for us and that we are all His children created in His image, but that was, for the most part, the extent of it. As much as I wish I had additional knowledge concerning The Bible and God’s word, I couldn’t thank my Mom more for only teaching me the basics about God. It was that which allowed me to discover God and my faith for myself and not rely on other’s thoughts and beliefs placed in my head as a child. The first event in my life that caused me to undertake a major step in my spiritual journey was the passing of the man I consider my father, Steve. Suddenly, in the summer of 2008, Steve began to have a massive heart attack. On the way to the hospital, I remember a feeling coming over me that I just needed to pray. I listened to that feeling and prayed to God the entire way there and still as we waited in the secluded family room; only for the doctor to come in and deliver the worst news imaginable. As much as I mourned Steve’s death, I never questioned God or why He didn’t grant me what I asked Him for. On the contrary, I began to question myself and my faith. Why was I moved toShow MoreRelatedMy Life As A Child1074 Words   |  5 PagesAs a child, I remember growing up in an area of Atlanta, Georgia called Mechanicsville. This area was very diverse with people from various socioeconomic backgrounds. Often, my mother would share valuable life lessons with my siblings and me. One, in particular, I remember even to this day is, â€Å"Life is only as challenging or motivating as you make it†. Originally, I did not quite understand the purpose of this aphorism; but as I got older, the meaning became quite clear. Although life for me hasRead MoreMy Life Of A Child1567 Words   |  7 PagesA child imitates its parents while it grows up, thus making them copy or imprint their actions, becoming child’s point of reference as it matures. I being no exception did the same. I looked up to my parents especially my mother, a high school teacher for Chemistry having a strong background in biology as my point of reference. She became my educational pillar and the ember of interest for science kindled right from my childhood days. This ember of interest turned into flames when I entered my highRead MoreMy Life Raising My Child Essay2175 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout my time raising my child, Grace, there were many concepts, key terms, and the ories that I was able to identify and relate to from this Psychology, Human Development, course that I took throughout this semester. 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She changed from a very active and having difficulty focusing and following rules child to a child who knows when to be active and when to remain calm and is able to focus when needed. One parenting adjustment I made as I raised my child is to shift from a permissive rearing style to authoritative rearing style. Therefore, besides having some spelling and writing difficulties, my child’s personality atRead MoreThree Lessons I Want My Child to Learn during the Course of His Life: An Opinion Essay979 Words   |  4 Pages Three lessons I want my child to learn during the course of his life Parenting role has become a very challenging task that needs a lot of attention and more time dedicated to it as a child first interaction both physically, emotionally, socially and mentally are with the parents and plays a major part in the childs future interaction with the environment. Proper parenting is important to a childs development in many aspects and it moulds a child into a respectful and responsible member of

How to Choose Samples of Essay about Yourself

How to Choose Samples of Essay about Yourself Now the question is the best way to develop into sincere in the event you think you're sincere. Evidently, putting plenty of emphasis on an write-up can make it seem to be an intimidating endeavor, especially if it's correct you don't consider yourself a terrific author. To make sure that you will discover a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that is always online. Such examples may greatly result in the result and help the student to supply an appropriate assignment with no extra investments of time and money. People today tend to select a variety of themes of who they are and attempt to describe all of them. The actual folks highly praise our essay help site. After you've prepared a rough text of the entire content, now you are able to move onto formatting it. There it's possible to learn to construct the structure and its elements. If you wish to acquire high excellent research and thesis papers in time and for a sensible price, you should probably attempt using EssaySupply.com. If you're looking for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. If you wish to purchase a research paper, online writing service like ours is exactly what you will need. Custom writing means a severe company with high standards. In the event that you choose to send an email, make certain it's customized to your particular customer. There's a specific procedure of how essays ought to be written. Opinions on how best to mean unique things are a bit of essays, you. You should be in a position to show in all your essay you've followed all the instructions offered in the matter. There are several essay writing services that think they're the very best, and therefore don't be cheated and check the legitimate list of the very best. Nowadays it's rather tough to find a reliable essay writing support. Let's say you need to buy essay for college. At some time, you could need to compose an individual essay. Nowadays it is quite difficult to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. What's a research paper. Or you're even permitted to obtain an individual part of your essay paper done. Last outline is submitted along with the research paper and aims to help the reader. How to compose a research paper. A self-introduction essay outline can be simple to write, since all you need to do is to introduce yourself. Understanding how to make essays are pleased with the reader. It's important to make your own essay. A self-introduction essay might be among the easiest essays to begin. The New Angle On Samples of Essay about Yourself Just Released When applying for a home loan, you're likely to be requested to find a brief cover letter to convince the lender that you are creditworthy and you're able to cover the loan. Don't be scared to talk about your ideas as part of creative procedure and remember there's just one approach to reach the desired goals receiving papers which have been meticulously checked, reviewed and proofread. Regardless of what's the objective of your essay, there's a preset number of points which you will be expected to handle. You're welcome to ask for since many amendments as you will need. Now you know the four crucial constituents of an excellent thesis statement, I would love to provide you more thesis statement examples. You can also see chapter outline. The revisions are completely free!

Yo Homey Essay Research Paper However the free essay sample

Yo Homey Essay, Research Paper However, the research workers neglected to include into their research the effects of extrafamilial factors ( friends, equals, instructors, etc. ) on the cognitive accomplishments of these kids. If these factors were non overlooked, the research may hold proven that the environment does so act upon cognitive development. Without this research, as it stands now, it is concluded that the greatest influence on cognitive development is entirely attributed to genetic sciences. In visible radiation of this peculiar position, the article is uncomplete. On the other manus, with the limited experimentation of the research, the article is really accurate and effectual. The scientists recorded their information onto graphs, and the testing was in a controlled environment. The account of the experiment was really thorough. Imagine an experiment in which a scientist decides to divide indistinguishable twins at birth an put them in different environments. What would the consequence be? Recently, a similar issue has surfaced. We will write a custom essay sample on Yo Homey Essay Research Paper However the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the article, ? Nature Clones, ? Jill Neimark focuses in on twins that are separated at birth and reunited in their ulterior old ages. These twins have since so been under rating. One peculiar brace, Barbara Herbert and Daphne Goodship, have been observed at the University of Minnesota? s Center for Twin and Adoptation Research, founded by Thomas J. Bouchard, Ph.D. Harmonizing to Neimark: Both Women grew up in similar towns outside of London, left school at 14, fell down stairs at 15 and weakened their mortise joints, went to work in local authorities, met their future hubbies at age 16? miscarried in the same month, so gave birth to two male childs and a miss. Both tinted their hair auburn when immature, were dainty about blood and highs, and imbibe their java cold. Upon meeting, both wore pick colored frocks and brown velvet jackets. ( Neimark 39-40 ) After much observation at the centre, scientists found that the twins had about the same IQ, and similar physical defects. Some scientists feel that these types of twin surveies make the familial position of the nature vs. raising issue stronger. However, in the article, Neimark speculates that the? Minnesota twin sample? is merely one instance, and research workers may hold overlooked some good points: non all twins in the universe participated in this survey and there is merely a choice figure that the research workers concluded their consequences from ( Neimark 43 ) . Furthermore, it has been proven that non all indistinguishable twins are genuinely indistinguishable, or portion the same familial traits. This type of information should be taken into consideration in the Minnesota twin experiment ( Neimark 43 ) . Therefore, the information found reguarding this experiment may be considered inaccurate. Besides, due to the antecedently mentioned representative anecdote, there seems to be an overdone entreaty within this article. Neimark returns to propose that duplicate surveies clue us in on the existent strength of the familial impact on twins that are separated and placed in different environments. She besides mentioned that the following end of Dr. Thomas Bouchard is to analyze the kids in the households that have adopted a twin, and prove the influences that the environment provokes when no cistrons are shared ( 43 ) . This experiment is a batch like that of the article written by Robert Plomin and his co-workers, which informs us of the consequences that this type of experiment green goodss. Phobias, thought by many to be environmental, may good hold been a familial component as proven by the scientist, Thomas Bochard, of the Minnesota Twin Study. By analyzing phobic disorders shared by indistinguishable twins, a strong familial connexion is high. Twinss frequently portion phobic disorders, and more frequently than non if one twin harbors an irrational fright, the other does excessively, if her childhood was non marred by a traumatic experience. Phobias are thought to be caused by injury, but the Minnesota Study on twins offered contrary informations. Twinss who had been reared apart and so reunited later in life shared likewise phobic disorder, and some phobic disorders were pretty obscure: One brace were fearful of escalators, and would non put pes on one. One twin might be less atrocious than the other, but normally both shared the phobic disorder ( Bouchard, 1998 ) . Twinss raised individually may basically be more similar than those raised together because braces raised together can stress the differences between them. Some critics speculate that twins # 8217 ; different environments have been inadequately studied and that adopted twins might non be an accurate sample because the fortunes of acceptance may impact behaviour. Bouchard, concludes, # 8220 ; In a sense we # 8217 ; re fiddling with the thought of the importance of the household in child-rearing. Our findings suggest that the subtle differences between and within households are non every bit of import as people have thought in finding involvements, abilities and personalities. # 8221 ; Many scientists believe that cognitive-motivational development is due to the nature facet. However, Yarrow found legion environmental factors related to this type of cognitive development. The extent of a female parent? s response to the kid? s demands, handiness of drama stuffs, and sum of kinaesthetic stimulation ( motion ) are indirectly correlated with the environment ( Ya rrow160 ) . Babies? physical accomplishments such as standing and walking mature in a predictable sequence and the timing of these sequences, depend on the single ripening rate and civilization of the person. For illustration, Ugandan babies normally walk by 10 months due to the unsloped mode they are carried, and the babes besides receive an copiousness of physical contact. On the other manus, in the United States, 90 % of babies walk by 15 months ( Myers 86 ) . Due to Plomin? s research, he left open the possibility that the environment can hold influence over cognitive development. Another survey focused on the parent-child relationship. By concentrating on the distinct behaviours of the parent and belongingss of the environment, of import finds refering cognitive development were made. Certain environmental influences were detected, depending on the manner the parent provides stimulation ( ocular and auditory ) , and the extent to which the parent is antiphonal to the kid? s demands ( Yarrow 156 ) . Some environmental variables were found to be? extremely related to certain infant cognitive accomplishments such as reactivity and secondary round reaction? ( Yarrow 157 ) . However, cistrons do play a major function in motor development. Identical twins, for illustration, get down sitting up, standing, and walking with close estimate to the same twenty-four hours ( Myers 86 ) . Twin surveies have been conducted for old ages in hopes to happen the best reply to the nature vs. raising contention. In one peculiar instance, a brace of indistinguishable twins were separated at birth and raised in separate environments. When they were reunited at age thirty-one, they realized that they both became voluntary firemans. Research proves that cistrons are responsible for the similarity in detached indistinguishable twins ( Myers 109 ) . Other adoptive surveies show that organic structure weight is genetically influenced. Adoptive siblings are uncorrelated with each other, despite the same repasts that are shared between them. Besides, twins normally have about the same weight, even if they are separated at any point. Human weight is a factor that correlates entirely with the biological parent ( Myers 542 ) . Twin and acceptance surveies prove that about 50 per centum of the influence in development is due to cistrons, but because? siblings? extroversion and instability are non appreciably influenced by their shared place environment, research workers assume they are besides influenced by non shared experiences? ( Myers 111 ) . Adaptation surveies show that the place environment has a great sum of impact on the kid? s societal life, values, and moral beliefs. In add-on, because adoptative parents are normally carefully observed, the kid has the ability to turn up in a safe, non-stressful environment. In this instance, the adopted kid frequently scores higher on intelligence trials than their biological parents ( Myers 110-111 ) . In another survey, striplings of age 12 mark better on intelligence trials if given positive baby attention, than do kids who were neglected as babies ( Myers 84 ) . The first diary written by Plomin and his co-workers is more credible than? Nature? s Clones? and the Minnesota twin surveies. This is because Plomin uses an copiousness of statistics throughout the article. For illustration, the consequences of Plomin? s experiments are clearly plotted on graphs. These graphs are included in the article for lucidity. Another point about? Nature? s Clones? is that it was published in a popular magazine. These magazines tend to overstate their narratives to acquire more people to read the articles, which leads me to believe that the marvelous happenstances between the two separated twins mentioned supra may in fact be a good luck. Neimark, nevertheless, does bring forth different facts late found reguarding the nature vs. nurture issue. For illustration, it has been proven that cistrons influence two out of five personality traits, whereas environment had close to no impact on these traits. On the reverse, ? amenity? was found to be influenced by the environment ( 44 ) . In decision, the nature vs. raising statement has existed for old ages, and still no 1 has found a logical ground why one side should predominate over the other. My point is: why is at that place a demand to take a peculiar side? Due to antecedently proved factors, the simplest reply to the on-going contention is the in-between position. With this position, there is no right or incorrect side to the statement. Both facets are right, and the fate of human development convergence within. Nature and raising go manus in manus. Mentions Bouchard, Robert. Minnesota Study on twins. 1998 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.modcult.brown.edu/students/angell/twinstudy.html Myers, David G. Psychology: Fifth edition. Netherlands: Worth Publishers Inc. , 1986. Neimark, Jill Nature? s Clones Psycology Today July August 1997 p. 39 Plomin, Robert, et Al. ? Nature, Nurture, and Cognitive Development from One to Sixteen Old ages: A Parent-Offspring Adoption Study. ? Psyscological Science 8 ( 1997 ) : 442-47 Plomin, Robert and McClearn, Gerald E. Nature Nurture A ; Psychology Washington: American Psychological Association 1993 Yarrow, Leon J. , et Al. ? Infant and Environment? . Washington: Hemisphere Publishing Co.,1975. *Daulton, Thomas Beyond Heredity and Environment. Boulder: Westview Press 1995

Asylum seekers and refugees as a social problem in the UK The WritePass Journal

Asylum seekers and refugees as a social problem in the UK Abstract Asylum seekers and refugees as a social problem in the UK ). Due to the word count, the term asylum seekers will refer to both asylum seekers and refugees in the following work. The following essay aims to examine why asylum seekers have been perceived as a social problem in the UK as well as to analyse how the government approaches this problem. First, the essay considers the changes in the number of asylum seekers in the UK over the past twenty years. Further, the essay discusses different perspectives of asylum seekers in the social context. Finally, the essay presents the government responses to the problem. Asylum seekers in the UK – statistical approach From the 1990s the UK has been characterized by significant fluctuations in numbers of asylum applications, as demonstrated in Appendix 1. Between 1993 and 2002 the number of asylum applications has increased rapidly from 19,700 to its peak of 103,080 in 2002. In this period of time a number of applications fell slightly in 1996 and 2001, based on year-to-year changes (Institute of Race Relations). The four major countries, from which the asylum applications were addressed to the UK at that time were Iraq, Zimbabwe, Somalia and Afghanistan. Wars, conflicts and political oppression, being the key features of these countries in the 1990s are perceived as major causes of the dramatic increase of the asylum applications to the UK from the mid-1990s (Prior et.al., 2008). From 2002 the number of applications was gradually reduced, reaching 17,916 in 2010 (Refugee Council, 2011). Currently, most of the applicants come from Pakistan, Iran, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan (Refugee Council, 2011). S uch decrease is a consequence of the government policy, strongly restricting the border control in the past decade. Additionally, from 2002 the government continues to reject almost 70% of applications each year.   In 2010 68% of applications were refused; 24% of them were granted the refugee status; 7% Discretionary Leave, while 1% Humanitarian Protection (Refugee Council, 2012). Nonetheless, the UK continues to be a country with one of the highest numbers of asylum applications in the European Union, next to Sweden, France, Greece and Germany, as presented in Appendix 2 (Eurostat, 2012). According to the report prepared by the Asylum and Destitution Working Group, there are four major pull factors that shape, shaping a decision to apply for asylum in the UK. These are the perception of the UK as a safe, democratic and tolerant country; the ability to speak English or willingness to learn the language; previous connections (including colonialism) between the country of origin or residence and the UK; and having relatives or family in the UK (Prior et.al., 2008). Asylum seekers and refugees as a social problem in the UK A rapidly growing number of asylum applicants in the UK led the great focus on asylum seekers in the British media. The media started to present asylum seekers in an unfavourable light, emphasizing the negative socio-economic effects of the massive inflows of foreigners. For instance, the Daily Express has published 22 negative front page stories on asylum within 31 days period of time in 2003, often using very abusive language. Further, the issue of asylum became a hot topic of the debate between the two main parties during the 2005 general election (Prior et.al., 2008). Exaggeration of the issue and misinformation resulted in spreading the perception of asylum seekers as a thread to the British people in the socio-economic context. Numerous research and surveys conducted amongst the British seem to confirm such approach. For instance, the IAC’s Citizens Speak research from 2008 revealed that most of the respondent perceived the asylum seekers as economic migrants, stealing j obs and welfare benefits from the British. Further, they believed that asylum seekers had a privileged access to housing and public services as well as that there were too many asylum seekers within the country. In turn, the 2003 Citizenship Survey conducted amongst the young British showed that 15% of them cited prejudice against the asylum seekers (Aspinall and Waters, 2010). Also the YouGov survey from 2011 demonstrated that the respondents had the poorest perception of asylum seekers amongst various groups of people, including the categories such as people from ethnic minorities; people from Christian religious groups; or people with disabilities (YouGov, 2011). Additionally, another survey conducted by YouGov in 2008 disclosed that 59% of the respondents argued that asylum seekers were a â€Å"drain on resources† and did not contribute to the economic growth of the UK. Additionally, 30% of the respondents saw the reduction in the number of asylum seekers as the most welc ome change in the British system (YouGov, 2008). It is important to add that at the same time the British have a highly exaggerated view on the number of the asylum applications in the UK. In YouGov survey from 2007 46% of the respondents estimated this number at 80,000 when additional 31% at 160,000. In fact, there was actually 23,430 asylum applicants in 2007 (Prior et.al., 2008). While the British media built the image of asylum seekers as a social problem amongst the British citizens, many academic scholars emphasized that asylum seekers are a disadvantaged group and that they often have to face various social problems. In particular, asylum seekers are vulnerable to poverty and destitution (Aspinall and Waters, 2010). They usually arrive to the UK without any financial reserves. Additionally, the financial support offered by the government to asylum seekers constitutes only 70% of Income Support, while they are not permitted to work (Buster, 2010). According to the British Red Cross in 2006 there was approximately 26,000 asylum seekers living in poverty in the UK (Prior et.al., 2008). Asylum seekers also have a limited access to the basic health care services mainly due to the registration problems (i.e. lack of documents proving the address or identity; lack of interpreting services). Similarly, asylum seekers face difficulties in education and training[3] what is mostly caused by limited knowledge of the British education system, poor level of English and high costs (NIACE, 2009). Finally, asylum seekers are the victims of crime rather than offenders. Although there are no official records, the research conducted by Stanley in 2001 revealed that a third of the respondents have experienced racism, harassment or bullying. Also 81% of the asylum seeking women interviewed by the Refugee Strategy Women Group in 2007 admitted that they had experienced racial harassment (Aspinall and Waters, 2010). The policy response to the problem of asylum seekers As asylum seekers started to be perceived as a thread by the British society, the government aimed to reduce their number by implementing new policies and regulations from 1999. The 1999 Immigration and Asylum Act tightened the borders control to block new arrivals to the UK by extending visa requirements, pre-entry controls as well as by imposing financial penalties on the companies that transported passengers without permission to enter the UK (Crawley, 2010). The 2002 Immigration and Asylum Act gave greater power to the authorities responsible for application process, including the right to detain the application at any time during the process, not just prior to removal. Additionally, people applying for legal staying in the UK by granting citizenship need to meet English recruitments; take Life in the UK test and attend citizenship ceremony (Guardian, 2009). Further, in 2004 the government established the juxtaposed UK border control in France and Belgium and thus, the UK was abl e to decide whether the foreigners are eligible to enter the UK on the territory of another country. Further in the framework of the New Asylum Model from 2007, the application process became accelerated (new screening process; single case workers), while detentions and deportations became commonly used (Aspinall and Waters, 2010). More importantly, the new legislation affected the asylum seekers’ access to accommodation and welfare. The 1999 Immigration and Asylum Act established the financial support for asylum seekers at the level of 70% of Income Support. Additionally, the food vouchers were granted to the asylum seekers instead of the cash.   In 2007 the government reduced the support rate for lone parents (66% of Income Support) and for the single adult above the age of 25 (55% of Income Support) (Williams and Kaye, 2010). Despite numerous controversies around the effectiveness of the voucher system, the government still supports such solution. Further, the government implemented the dispersal policies, providing the accommodation and housing to asylum seekers on ‘no-choice’ basis (Crawley, 2010). From 2002 asylum seekers are not permitted to work when their application is considered. There are only a few exceptions from this rule. It is crucial to emphasize that despite the overall fall in asylum applications to the UK and rising concerns on the government policy on asylum, the government continues to implement restrictive measures. These measures often worsen further the living conditions of asylum seekers in the UK (Prior et.al., 2008). Conclusions The UK is one of the main destinations of asylum seekers in Europe. From the 1990s the number of asylum applications rose sharply, reaching its peak in 2002. Asylum seekers started to be perceived as a thread within the British society. Such negative attitudes were mainly caused by the British media, postulating that asylum seekers steal jobs and welfare benefits from the British. Thus, the government aim became to reduce the number of asylum seekers by new legislation. From 1999 the government implemented numerous regulations and policies. Particularly important were the 1999 Immigration Asylum Act, the 2002 Immigration and Asylum Act as well as the 2007 New Asylum Model. As a consequence, the UK border control was tightened, including higher visa requirement and pre-entry control. The asylum process became faster and more effective; the detentions and deportations are commonly used. The government also decided to limit the access to welfare for asylum seekers, seeing it as an impor tant pull factor for high number of applications. To achieve that, various measures have been implemented. Amongst the most important were dispersal policies, withdrawing the rights to work for these asylum seekers whose applications has not been decided; as well as low financial support delivered in kind instead of cash. While the government is proud of reducing in 2010 the number of asylum application to the level from 1993; a number of academic scholars postulate that asylum seekers are not a thread to the British. Asylum seekers do not take the employment opportunities from the British. They have a very limited access to the welfare benefits. They also do not increase the crime level across the country. The scholars underline that asylum seekers are at the risk of poverty, discrimination and social exclusion due to the government policy. Additionally, some international organizations (i.e. Amnesty International; the Refugee Council) argue that the British policy â€Å"may also have the impact of denying the internationally agreed rights of people to seek asylum† (Aspinall and Watters, 2010, p.10). Despite these claims made by the academic scholars and various organizations, the British government seems to continue its strict policy towards asylum seekers and discourage asylum seekers from c hoosing the UK. It indicates that the government still perceives asylum seekers as a social problem rather than notice serious social problems that asylum seekers struggle with.pplications in selected European countries, 2007. References: Aspinall P. and Watters (2010). Refugees and asylum seekers. A review from an equality and human rights perspective. Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission. Buster M. (2010). Asylum seekers and refugees. London: Social Inclusion Unit. Crowley (2010). Chance or choice. Understanding why asylum seekers come to the UK. London: Refugee Council.    Eurostat (2012). Asylum applications [online] Available from: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/graphDownload.do?tab=graphlanguage=enplugin=1pcode=tps00021 (Accessed on 24.06.2012). Guardian (2009). Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 [online] Available from: guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/jan/15/nationality-immigration-asylum-act (Accessed on 24.06.2012) Institute of Race Relations (2012). Asylum Statistics [online] available from: irr.org.uk/research/statistics/asylum/ (Accessed on 24.06.2012). NIACE (2009). Refugee and asylum seekers in the UK: the challenges of accessing education and employment. Leicester: NIACE. Prior J., McDowell , Morell G., Taruvinga Y., Zanre L., Garner K. and Stranack A. (2008). Asylum Matters: Restoring Trust in the UK Asylum System. London: The Centre for Social Justice. Refugee Council (2011). Asylum Statistics. London: Refugee Council. Refugee Council (2012). Asylum Statistics. London: Refugee Council. RULAC (2012). International Refugee Law [online] Available from: adh-geneva.ch/RULAC/international_refugee_law.php (Accessed on 24.06.2012). UNESCO (2011). Asylum seeker [online] Available from: unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/asylum-seeker/ (Accessed on 24.06.2012). YouGov (2008). Juniper TV Survey Results. London: YouGov. YouGov (2011). Stonewall attitude tables. London: YouGov. Williams R. and Kaye M. (2010). At the end of the line. Restoring the integrity of the UK’s asylum system. London: Amnesty International.

How to Convert Fahrenheit to Celcius

How to Convert Fahrenheit to Celcius Here is how to convert  °F to  °C. This is actually Fahrenheit to Celsius and not Fahrenheit to Celcius, though the mis-spellings of the temperature scales are common. So are the temperature scales, which are used to measure room temperature, body temperature, set thermostats, and take scientific measurements.   Temperature Conversion Formula The temperature conversion is easy to do: Take the  °F temperature and subtract 32.Multiply this number by 5.Divide this number by 9 to obtain your answer in  °C. The formula to convert  Ã‚ °F to  °C is: T( °C)   (T( °F)  - 32) Ãâ€" 5/9 which is T( °C)   (T( °F)  - 32) / 1.8  °F to  °C  Example Problem For example, convert 68 degrees Fahrenheit into degrees Celsius: T( °C)   (68 °F - 32) Ãâ€" 5/9 T( °C)   20  °C Its also easy to do the conversion the other way, from  Ã‚ °C to  Ã‚ °F. Here, the formula is: T( °F)  Ã‚  T( °C)  Ãƒâ€" 9/5 32 T( °F)  Ã‚  T( °C)  Ãƒâ€" 1.8 32 For example, to convert 20 degrees Celsius to the Fahrenheit scale: T( °F)   20 °C Ãâ€" 9/5 32 T( °F)   68  °F When doing the temperature conversions, one quick way to make certain you did the conversion right is to remember Fahrenheit temperatures are higher than the corresponding Celsius scale until you get down to -40 °, which is where the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales meet. Below this temperature, degrees Fahrenheit are lower than degrees Celsius.